Hello, Just looking for some clarification from the group regarding International versus Local traffic identification (sorry for the uneducated queries): Traditionally circuit switched voice calls are carried via a dedicated end-to-end circuit (or virtual circuit) that the switching system sets up for the purpose of each call. The originating carrier bills the customer originating the call (the collection charge) and is billed by the terminating carrie for completing the call (the accounting rate). Therefore calls are easily distinguished between point A (local) and point B (international). With IP traffic(packet switched) an Internet message is broken down into many packets that may be individually routed over many different networks to arrive at the endpoint where they are reassembled into their original, coherent message. Individual messages therefore do not occupy a defined circuit for a defined time. So, how is International traffic differentiated from local traffic in NZ? How do ISP's deterine what traffic has originate locally? I am assuming there are two main methods of Inter-connection used in NZ; 1. Sats, 2. Southern Cross (?) cable. Is traffic classified (?) at the main entry points or are ISP's classifiying traffic via IP ranges (The dotted quad ranges seem's a rather ad-hoc method) and / or other methods? thanks, C. Resource Development Analyst Digital Initiatives Unit Te Puna Mataurange o Aotearoa National Library of New Zealand Wellington