Hello, Just looking for some clarification from the group regarding International versus Local traffic identification (sorry for the uneducated queries): Traditionally circuit switched voice calls are carried via a dedicated end-to-end circuit (or virtual circuit) that the switching system sets up for the purpose of each call. The originating carrier bills the customer originating the call (the collection charge) and is billed by the terminating carrie for completing the call (the accounting rate). Therefore calls are easily distinguished between point A (local) and point B (international). With IP traffic(packet switched) an Internet message is broken down into many packets that may be individually routed over many different networks to arrive at the endpoint where they are reassembled into their original, coherent message. Individual messages therefore do not occupy a defined circuit for a defined time. So, how is International traffic differentiated from local traffic in NZ? How do ISP's deterine what traffic has originate locally? I am assuming there are two main methods of Inter-connection used in NZ; 1. Sats, 2. Southern Cross (?) cable. Is traffic classified (?) at the main entry points or are ISP's classifiying traffic via IP ranges (The dotted quad ranges seem's a rather ad-hoc method) and / or other methods? thanks, C. Resource Development Analyst Digital Initiatives Unit Te Puna Mataurange o Aotearoa National Library of New Zealand Wellington
One way I know it's done is the following... |INTERNATIONAL| | |TRAFFIC SHAPER| | |NATIONAL| - |NATIONAL| DISCLAIMER: Don't know if the above picture will come out in all email clients. :) National traffic goes via the national router, when an international request or connection is made, it goes via the ISP's traffic shaper to allocate you with the amount of international bandwidth you have paid for, in doing so it keeps a record of your traffic. Think of the traffic shaper being a border router, traffic to this router will only be received if the national routers don't see it as being national. I've never been the best at explaining these things, but hope it helps. Barry -----Original Message----- From: Cleave Pokotea [mailto:cleave.pokotea(a)natlib.govt.nz] Sent: Monday, 26 January 2004 12:58 p.m. To: nznog(a)list.waikato.ac.nz Subject: [nznog] Determining International vs Local Hello, Just looking for some clarification from the group regarding International versus Local traffic identification (sorry for the uneducated queries): Traditionally circuit switched voice calls are carried via a dedicated end-to-end circuit (or virtual circuit) that the switching system sets up for the purpose of each call. The originating carrier bills the customer originating the call (the collection charge) and is billed by the terminating carrie for completing the call (the accounting rate). Therefore calls are easily distinguished between point A (local) and point B (international). With IP traffic(packet switched) an Internet message is broken down into many packets that may be individually routed over many different networks to arrive at the endpoint where they are reassembled into their original, coherent message. Individual messages therefore do not occupy a defined circuit for a defined time. So, how is International traffic differentiated from local traffic in NZ? How do ISP's deterine what traffic has originate locally? I am assuming there are two main methods of Inter-connection used in NZ; 1. Sats, 2. Southern Cross (?) cable. Is traffic classified (?) at the main entry points or are ISP's classifiying traffic via IP ranges (The dotted quad ranges seem's a rather ad-hoc method) and / or other methods? thanks, C. Resource Development Analyst Digital Initiatives Unit Te Puna Mataurange o Aotearoa National Library of New Zealand Wellington _______________________________________________ NZNOG mailing list NZNOG(a)list.waikato.ac.nz http://list.waikato.ac.nz/mailman/listinfo/nznog
On Mon, 26 Jan 2004, Cleave Pokotea wrote:
With IP traffic(packet switched) an Internet message is broken down into many packets that may be individually routed over many different networks to arrive at the endpoint where they are reassembled into their original, coherent message. Individual messages therefore do not occupy a defined circuit for a defined time. So, how is International traffic differentiated from local traffic in NZ? How do ISP's deterine what traffic has originate locally?
I am assuming there are two main methods of Inter-connection used in NZ; 1. Sats, 2. Southern Cross (?) cable. Is traffic classified (?) at the main entry points or are ISP's classifiying traffic via IP ranges (The dotted quad ranges seem's a rather ad-hoc method) and / or other methods?
Generally traffic value is determined by which circuit it flows across. a) if data flows across expensive circuit A then it is billed at X rate b) if data flows across less expensive circuit B then it is billed at Y rate c) if data flows across cheap circuit C then it is billed at Z rate If half the data flows across circuit B and half across circuit A then the billing is split according to how much traffic flows across which line and what rate was allocated to that line. There may be other ways that people use to determin traffic costings with differing levels of sucess. As far as interconnection goes - anyone who wants to run a circuit to anyone else can interconnect with them - there are no regulated requirements that say "tho shalt only interconnect with a telco type" - this is the principle which places like WIX and APE work on (there may be other points of interconnection in and out of New Zealand as well, examples only) -- Steve.
"Cleave Pokotea"
I am assuming there are two main methods of Inter-connection used in NZ; 1. Sats, 2. Southern Cross (?) cable. Is traffic classified (?) at the main entry points or are ISP's classifiying traffic via IP ranges (The dotted quad ranges seem's a rather ad-hoc method) and / or other methods?
Both techniques, i.e. counting traffic on separate circuits and counting packets based on source/destination addresses in common parts of the network are used by different ISPs and carriers. Sometimes both techniques are used for different services within the same ISP. Rating by IP address is usually done by monitoring routing tables; routes sourced from NZ peers are generally domestic, and can be charged as such. The actual charging is typically done by taking a feed from a router's flow cache (e.g. cisco's NetFlow), and then classifying the flow by customer and type based on the endpoints, and summarising the resulting data. The nice thing about that approach is that the data collection can be done anywhere in the network; on large networks, it's often best done at the edge (close to the customers), leaving a fairly dumb core. For traffic shaped connections, Barry Murphy's description is fairly typical; national traffic is fairly cheap, so ISPs tend to rely on the tail circuit to regulate traffic, and put traffic shapers on the international gateways, which select traffic by IP address. Otherwise, you're into having separate meterable paths to national and international sites. Drop me a line if you want more details on IP accounting techniques. -- don
participants (4)
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Barry Murphy -
Cleave Pokotea -
Don Stokes -
Steve